Apparatus for governing the speed of motors.



W. W. DEAN.

APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.19,1903.

1,107,914, Patented Aug. 18, 1914 4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

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W. W. DEAN. APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF MOTORS. APPLICATIONFILED 00T.19, 1903.

1,107,914, Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

4 SHBETS-SHEET 2.

W. W. DEAN.

APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING THHSPEED 0F MOTORS.

APPLICATION TILED 0OT.19,1903.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

4 SHEBTSSHEET 3.

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APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 19, 1903.

1,107,914, Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

PATENT OFFICE.

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tota s Tb whom it may comm: .1 .Be it known that I, WILLIAM W. DEAN, a

y, citizen of the UnitedStates of America, and

-1 following is a specification.

will be practically constant.

My, invention relates to means for controlling the speed of dynamoelectric machinery, and more especially of the direct current motortype. The power circuits withwhich motors are connected are subject tovariations in the voltage of the current carried thereby, suchvariations on a 110 volt circuit amountin-goftentimcstoQOvolts.Forcertain classes of work the variation in speed of the motors causedby such variations of voltage is too great, and some means must beprovided to govern them so that their speed Among-such classes o servicemay be mentioned the operation of the ringing generators in partytelephone line selective ringing, where the bells to be rung thereby areadapted to res 0nd to current of a particular and distinctive frequencyonly. In such systems it 'is evident that the generator must at alltimes be capable of sending out over the telephone lines to the callbells at the substations ringing currents having the proper frequencies.p

In carryingout my invention I prefer to adjust the motor, so'that undernormal conditions and without the governor resistance in circuit it willrun too slow upon the highest voltage that it could ever receive from,

the power circuit, and run too fast, with the governor resistance incircuit upon the lowest voltage that it could ever receive therefrom. Ithen arrange the governor so that a resistance is adapted to be veryrapidly and continuously thrown into and out of serieswith the field ofthe motorwhen the speed of the motor is between certain limits, thisresistance being adapted to be maintained entirely in series with thefield when the motor falls below a certain speed, or to be entirelyshunted when the speed of the motor rises above a certain limit. At theoperative speed my governor is adapted by the rapid vibration of itsflexible member to very rapidly close and open a shunt aboutSpecification of Letters Patent.

I Application 11011 October 1 1803. Sari-a1 Io. 177,527.

Fig. 3 is an end view of said Patented Ausz. 18, 1914.

the resistance in series with the field and c said resistance is beingconstantly cut in and cut out of the circuit and the speed of the motoris maintained practically constant.

My invention is illustrated in the accom- I panying drawings, in -whichthe same reference characters are used throughout to desig:

nate like parts, and in which Figure 1 is a diagram of a systememploying my improvements; Fig. 2 is a side view of the governor appliedto the motor shaft;

overnor' removed from the motor'shaft; F 1g. 4 is a sectional viewthrough the contacts of the governor; Fig. 5 is a transverse section onthe line 5, 5, of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an edge view of the slip rings ofthe governor, parts being broken away to show the arrangement of theconnecting pins; Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a form ofthe governor which may be adjusted during operation; Fig. 8 is adetailed View of the latter type of governor, and showing the connectionof the same view showing the method of securing the governor supportingplate to the journal bearing; Fig. 10 is a detailed view showing themethod of holding the inclosing cap in place; Fig. 11 is a longitudinalsectional view of a modification in which the contacts of the governorare inclosed in oil to prevent sparking, and Fig. 12 is a transversesectional view on line 12, 12, of Fig. 11.

. Referring to Fig. l, the numeral 2 indicates a direct current motormounted upon a common shaft with the generators 3, 4, 5 and 6. The motoris connected inthe power circuit 7 and 8 which includes the fieldwindings of said motor, and the resistance 9 is placed in said path ofcurrent through the field windings, and is adapted to be short circuitedby the governor 10, located upon the end of said common shaft andcontrolling the continuity of said short circuit which is composed ofconductors 11 and 12. Thus when the speed. of the motor increases beyondthat for which the governor is adjusted, the said resistance 9 is shortcircuited secured by suita and a greater current flows throughthe fieldwindings of the motor, and causes its speed to decrease. If the speedfalls belowthe desired limit, the resistance 9 is thrown into serieswith the field winding, thus decreasing the current'passingthrough thesame and causing the speed. of the motor to increase. When the governoris accurately adjusted, the resistance9isbeing constantly cut in and outout of the field circuit so that the speed of the motor 2 remainspractically constant, even though the voltage upon the power circuitvaries within wide hnnts. The conductors 13, 14,15 and 16, leadmg fromthe ungrounded brushes of said generators, serve to carry thegeneratorcurrent to any point desired. a

In Fig. l.the governor is indlcated only diagrammatically and on a smallscale, but the remaining. figures show its construction more clearly;Ass'eenyinFig. 4, the end 17 of the motor shaft; 18 is reduced indiameter and u onthe same a sleeve 19 is le screws 20.. .At one point ofsaid sleeve 19 and longitudinal of the end 17 of the shaft, a leafspring 21 is secured and is insulated from said sleeve 19 by suitableinsulating material 22, a. rigid arm 23 being placed outside said spring21 and likewise supported from said sleeve and separated from the spring21 by insulation 24, said arm 23 and said spring 21 being clamped inposition upon. said sleeve 19 by screws 25 passing therethrough andthreading into said sleeve 19. TheTsaid screws pass first through aclamping plate 26 which is separated by insulation 27 from the said arm23. The end of the arm 23 carries an .in diameter and carries theadjustable contact 28 provided with a thumb nut for adjusting theapparatus and with a platinum contact 29 at its inner end adapted toengage. with a similar platinum contact 30 mounted upon the spring 21when the latter is moved outwardly from the position shown by thecentrifugal force of the 31 passesrotating shaft. A clamping screwthrough the split end of the arm 23 to clamp said adjustable contact 28in position. A weight 32 is secured by a suitable screw to the outerendof the spring 21. 1 It is obvious that when the shaftis .ro-' tatedabove a certain speed that contact 30 and spring 21 will be brought intoengagement with contact 29 carried by the screw 28 and-that when thespeed falls below a certain amount said contacts will be separated. Inorder to balance .these parts which are located upon one side of theshaft 1'7, the screws 20 are arranged to also clamp an arm 33 intoposition upon the shaft op-. posite said contacts, the arm beingprovided with an enlargement 34' at'its outer end,-

The inner end of the sleeve 19 is reduced separated therefrom bysuitable insulation .47 of the shaft bearing washers or bushings 52being slip ring 35.

36, an insulating disk 37 and a second sli ring '38, said rings and diskbeing clamped in position a 'ainst the shoulder of said reduced end o?the sleeve by means of the ring or circular nut 39 threading upon theend of said sleeve 19. As pointed out these slip rings are insulatedfrom each other, and

pin 40 (see Fig. 6) is connected with the ring 35, while a second pin.41 passes through an insulating bushing in said ring and is connectedwith the shown in Fig. 5 the pin is connected by means of a suitableconductor 42 soldered thereto with the plate 43 placed just beneath andin electrical contact with the spring 21; and the pin 41 is connectedbya similar conductor 44 with the plate 45 placed immediately beneath andin electrical contact with the arm 23. Thus the electric connections ofthe spring 21 and the arm '23 are extended respectively to the sliprings 35 and 38.

The brushes that engage with the slip rings are, as usual, carried uponthe station. ary part of the machine. This arrangement -is shown moreclearly in Figs. 2 and 3.- At to a stationary part by means of a suitrocker arm 46-is secured able set screw 48, andcarries at its opposite"ends posts 49 which have reduced ends 50.

to recelve the nuts 51, suitable insulating tween the metallic washers53 and 54upon theends of the rocker arm and said ends 50. The Washers 54have projections 55 to which'the conductors'll and 12 are adapted to beconnected.- The brushes 56 are preferably of gauze ,as is usual and areclamped in the brush holders 57 by means of set screws as. shown saidholders being journaled upon the posts 49 and are held longitudinally inplace by split clamping rings 58 and set screws 59. The pressure of thebrush upon the slip ring is controlled by a spring 60 encircling saidclamping ring 58 and secured thereto at one end by a screw 61 while theother end passes between the arms of the'brush holder 57 and engagessaid holder to cause the 1 brush to press against the slip ring. Theamount of tension imparted to this spring may be varied bycircumferentially adjusting the clamping ring 58. As shown in Fig. 2,one brush is in contact with ring 38 and the other with ring. 35. Theelectric circuits of said rings are therefore completed through thebrushes 56 to the posts 49 and thence by washers 54 and projections 55to the circuit conductors 11 and 12 as shown in diagram in Fig. 1. Theouter ends of said posts 49 are also shouldered and are provided withmetallic and insulating washers 62 and 63 upon opposite sides of a guardring 64, nuts 65 serving to clamp said ring 64 and the insulating andmetallic washers rings 38. As

provided he most clearly in Fignds ythe s 67' to said ring mason #98 99; oi -the sds t Bil-. 51 ar ms pp tsaeuar wi es r de 66' which a e xtend ve the con a t of the g er s are secur d at th i nn r e a d r ds Wiress ws topreven hin coming into contact w th the ra idly rotating contactsof the overnor. will be ob e v a th sea '1 sing, toget r wi h -wires 66and the roc er arm 46, are insua ed t am t lec ic i ui s of t e ernor,and, as hereinbeforepoipted out, the rfnotor shaft itself is l kewiseinsulated there rem.

Lln the modification shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10, the shaft pf thegovernor is se crate from themotor shaft,;hut is coupled t ereto whenthe governor is .conpected with the motor. As before, 47: des1gnates thestaa Ibis tionary part of-the bearing of the motor. shaft, and 18theend. of the Shaft which has. a screw threaded socket into which thest mof a cup 68 is threaded, slots 69 being formed in the outer edge ofsaid cup to receive the transverse member 70 carried by the inner end ofthe shaft 71 of the governor. A ring 72 is separated from the end of thebearing 47 by the insulation 7 3 and is secured thereto .by means ofsuitable screws. A disk 74 is secured to said ring 72 by means of screws75 threaded through said disk. and through spacing blocks 76, which areadapted to space said disk ashort distance away from said ring 72, andthence through said ring 72 and into the end of the bearing. Upon theinner face of said disk 74, the posts 77 are secured by the nuts 78' andat their outer ends carry the brushes 7 8,78 of substantially the sametype'as described with reference to the previous figures except they aresomewhat smaller. T'hesebrushes engage the slip,

rings 79 and 80 mounted-upon the governor shaft 71, the former beingsecured to said shaft by screw 81, and carrying a sleeve upon which aninsulating ring 82 is mounted and which carries the other slip ring 80.An arm 83 is clamped upon said shaft 71 by the screw 84 and supports in.its outer slotted end the contact lever 85 corresponding to thefixedcontact of the previous figures spring 86 engages in a slot in saidshaft 71 and tends to move said contact lever 85 outwardly, while anadjusting rod 86 extends through a'hole in said shaft 71 to its outerend and bears at its inner end against the other side of the transversearm of said contactlever 85. The shaft 71 iscarried in suitable bearings'87 .and 88, preferably formed integrally with "the longitudinal member89 and likewise either formed integrally with 5 adjusting rod 86 andmoves it longitudinally at) very the -.position. of the contact I .tactlever .85. Contact spring 92 havingrthe' om weight 98 :at its outer endis insulated but is secured to the shaft 71 by' the screws 94, and aconductor 95 extends from the contact plateQG-above said spring 92 tothe slip ring 80. The lever 85 carriesan. adjustable contact screw 96 asin former instance which engages a platinum contact upon'the spring 92.A balancing weight'97. issecured upon the opposite side of-theshaft'7 1. Suitable oil cups'98 are provided for the bearings 87 and 88and' an inclosing shell'99 is adapted to be placed over the whole deviceand to fit upon an'outwardly extending'fiange of said' disk 74, and tobe secured theretoby'a bayonet slot and the screw 100 (see Fig. 10.).With this arrangement it is seen that the contact lever 85 carryingcontact 96 ma adjusted by the thumb screw '90 wit out stopping themotor. The electric circuit of the contact 92 is through saidconductor-95 to the slip ring 80, while the circuit of contact lever 85is through the shaft 71 to the rin 79. 1

11 Figs. 11 and 12 the governor is again placed upon the reduced end ofthe motor shaft and the slip rings 101 and 102 are insulatingly mountedupon a suitable sleeve 103 as in the first form of the invention. Thecontact spring 104.- is secured to said sleeve 103' but insulatedtherefrom also as in Fig. 1. A conductor 105 connects said spring bymeans of a suitable pin insulated from" ring 102 with the ring ion Aninclosing shell 106 is threaded upon a flange 107 u n the outer face ofsaid commutator ring 1 a and is adapted to be secured in positionthereon by suitable screws. This shell carpics the adjustable contact108forming one terminal of the governor. A weight 109 is mounted uponthe opposite side of the shell 106. A washer 110 secures suitablepacking around the end of the sleeve 103 to prevent the escape of oil.The interior of the shell 106 is filled with oil which prevents sparkingat the contacts 29 and 30 of said screw 108 and spring 104. Thearrangement of the brushes-may correspond to that of Figs. 1 to 6 and isnot described in connection with this figure; 111 is a suitable vent toaid in the filling of the shell with oil.

While I have illustrated and described my invention as embodied incertain forms of commercial structures, it is apparent that many changesand modifications thereof may be made and I do not wish to be limited tosuch structures as illustrated and described,

lid

but aim to cover all such changes and modifications thereof as comewithin the spirit and scope of-the appended'claims. 4

I claim:- I 1. The combinationwith an electric motor, of a centrifugalovernor adapted to be attached to the sha ft thereof, a pair of switchpoints on said governor adapted to come into vibrating contact when thegoVer nor has reached a pre-determined speed of rotation, ed free endand a fixed end and a r1 'd member, one of said contacts bein carriedat. an intermediate point upon sai flexible member, and the other beingcarried upon said rigid member, a resistance permanently connected inseries with the field of-the motor, and conductors leading from'saidoints to the terminals of saidresistance, su tantially as described.

2. The .combinationwith an electric motor, of an external resistanceermanently connected in series with the field of the motor, acentrifugal eed governor carried upon the shaft of t rigid contact, anda resilient member carried by said governor having a Wei hted free endand a fixed end, a contact carried at an intermediate point between saidweighted and fixed ends upon said resilient member,

- said contacts being adapted to rapidly close and open a circuit inshunt to said resistance when the speed. of the armature is betweencertain limlts, the duration of each connection between said contactsincreasing as the speed of the armature increases, one of said contactsbeing adjustable, whereby any desired uniform speed of the armature maybe maintained, substantially as described.

3. In a governor for electric machines, the combination with a motorhaving a resistance in a circuit of the machine, of a rigid contact, aresilient member having a fixed end and a weighted free end, a contactcarried by saidresilient member between said fixed end and said free endadapted to make connection with the rigid contact in its vibration, saidcontacts shunting said resist ance, the duration of connection betweensaid contacts depending upon, the speed of the machine, whereby aresultant resistance is produced and the speed of the machine iscontrolled, substantially as described.

4. In a governor for eiectrio machines, the combination with a motorhaving a resistance in series with the field thereof, of a vibratilecontact in a shunt circuit about said resistance and automaticallyoperated to open and close said shunt circuit a plurality of times foreach revolution of the motor, the period of closure varying by steadyincrements and decrements as the speed of the motor changes.

5. In a governor, the combination with a aflexible member having aweighte motor armature, a'

rotating shaft, of a rigid contact carried by.

the shaft, a'flexib e'member also carried by the shaft and having'aweighted free end, a

1 le member, said contact bein' to rapidly vibrate and'intermitte'ntw1th the rigid contact in the vibration o the flexible memb affected bysaid contacts, substantially as described."

er and speed controlling means 6. In a governor, the combination witharotating member; of a rigid contact carried by said member, a springhaving a weighted free end and a fixed end also carried by said rotatinmember and carrying a contact adapted to engage with the rigid contact,said contact being located at an intermediate point between saidweighted free end and said fixed end on said spring, and means to governthe speed of the rotating member by the periodic connections between thevibratory and rigid contacts, substantially as described. j

7. In a governor, the combination with a rotating member, of a resilientmember having a. weighted free end and a fixed end carried by saidrotating member and having a definite rate of vibration the speed ofrotation of the shaft, a contact carried by said resilient member at apoint intermediate of said weighted end and said fixed end, a rigidcontact carried by the rotating member in position tobe engaged by thefirst contact in thevibra'tion of the resilient member, the duration ofconnection between said contacts being adapted to govern the speed ofthe rotating member, substantially as described.

8. In a governor, the'combination with a rotating shaft, of a rigidcontact carried by the shaft, a flexible leaf spring having one endsecured to the shaft, a-weight secured to the other end of said springand a contact carried by said spring adapted to engage with the rigidcontact, said spring being adapted to vibrate at its own periodic rateduring the rotation of the shaft, means to adjust the position of therigid contact with respect to the position of the vibratory contact andspeed controlling means afi'ected by said contacts, substantially asdescribed. -9. In a governor, the combination with a rotating shaft, ofa rigid contact carried by the shaft, a flexible leaf spring having oneend secured to the shaft, a weight secured to the otherend of saidspring, and a contact carried by said spring adapted to engage with therigid contact, said spring being adapted'to vibrate at its own periodicrate during the rotation of the shaft, means to adjust the position ofthe rigid contact with respect to the position of the vibratory con tactwhile the shaft is in rotation, and speed controlling means aifected bysaid contacts, substantially as described.

weigihted free end and the seu'redehd of'said' flex independent of 10.In a governor, the combination with a rotating member, of a rigidcontact carried by said member, a vibrating spring also carried by saidmember, a contact carried by said spring and adapted to engage with therigid contact, means to adjust the position of the rigid contact whilethe rotating member is in motion, andmeans to govern the speed of therotating member by the periodic connections between the vibrating andrigid contacts, substantially as described.

11. The combination with an electric motor, of an external resistancepermanently connected in series with the field of the motor, acentrifugal speed governor carried upon the shaft of the motor armaturecomprising a resilient member mounted substantially parallel to saidshaft and carrying a weight at the free end, the other end beingsecured, a contactcarried upon said resilient member at a pointintermediate of said free and secured ends,"and a rigid contact, theresilient member being adapted to vibrate and rapidly close and openacircuit in shunt to said resistance when the speed of the armature isbetween certain limits, the duration of each connection between saidcontacts increasing as. the speed of the armature increases, one of saidcontacts being adjustable, whereby any desired uniform speed of thearmature may be maintained, substantially as described.

Signed by me at Chicago, county of Cook; State of Illinois, thistwenty-first day of July, 1903.

WILLIAM W. DEAN.

Witnesses:

GAzaLLa BEDER, ROBERT LEWIS AMES.

